Science & Nature

Course of Study

Lower School (Primary)

Elementary School

As in other areas of the classroom, the children explore science by beginning with concrete activities. Classroom pets and outdoor activities provide a context in which to investigate the differences between living and nonliving and between plant and animal. The concepts of vertebrate and invertebrate are introduced. The names for the external characteristics of plants and animals are explored through direct experiences and the use of matching cards that the children can use independently. Additional concepts and vocabulary are presented for topics including planets, parts of the earth, rocks and minerals, weather and seasons. Simple physical science experiments are presented and environmental responsibility is encouraged through appreciation of the natural world and recycling. Working outside of the classroom—gardening, collecting leaves, nature walks, etc.—helps the child develop an appreciation for nature. The child also begins to realize that the classroom is not the only site where learning can take place.

The Lower Elementary science curriculum includes studies in physical, earth, and life sciences as well as environmental education. As in the area of cultural studies, the large concepts are introduced first to provide a context for the detailed studies that follow. Students are presented with the formation of the Universe and creation of our Solar System; these lessons spark their imaginations and awaken interest in looking at the states of matter, introductory concepts of chemistry, forms of every, and basic principles of physics.

The study of the timeline of the development of life leads to work with the five kingdoms of life, which then branches into detailed studies of the phyla of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Students compare and categorize the characteristics of both internal and external parts. A detailed study of plants begins leading to the study of ecosystems and food chains. As a practical application, recycling becomes an integral part of the classroom. Lower Elementary students also participate in the Salinas Valley Farm Day, to get an appreciation for our local agricultural community.

In the Upper Elementary grades, earth sciences, plate tectonics and the cycles of the earth become more detailed studies. The physical sciences include added work in chemistry with solutions, mixtures, compounds, acidity and simple experiments. Forces, energy, motion and other concepts are explored. The life sciences include more detailed study of living organisms through the study of body systems. Cell structure and the lower kingdoms of life are looked at in detail.

The cycles of life such as the oxygen, nitrogen and carbon cycles are studied in relation to the ecosystems of the Earth with the Montessori campus and the Monterey Bay providing environments for continued study. Environmental studies are augmented by a variety of field trips and/or child-generated going out excursions, which reinforce the emphasis that Montessori places on the quality of interaction between all members of our community. The Upper Elementary visits to Emandal Farms and the Yosemite Institute help augment their understanding of science and the environment.